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 Willem
Hendrik Keesom (1876-1956), a farmer’s son from the Dutch
island of Texel, began his physics studies at the University of
Amsterdam. In 1904, he obtained his doctorate in Leiden with Kamerlingh
Onnes. He held a research assistant position at the laboratory,
where he was deeply involved in the preparations for the liquefaction
of helium. From 1917 to 1923, he taught at the veterinary school
in Utrecht. In 1923, he received a chair of experimental physics
at Leiden University, and he succeeded Kamerlingh Onnes as the director
of the Physics Laboratory. He was the first to solidify helium under
pressure, in 1926. Over a period of time, he discovered evidence
of a phase transition occurring in liquid helium at 2.19 K. In 1932,
he measured, with Clusius, the lambda-shaped heat capacity anomaly
of helium near this superfluid phase transition. Keesom was elected
to the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) in
1924, and to the Holland Society of Sciences and Humanities (HMW)
in 1937.
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Biographical references:
-
Levensbericht (pdf, 108 kb)
C.J. Gorter, Levensbericht van Wilhelmus Hendrikus Keesom (21
juni 1876 - 4 maart 1956), Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie
van Wetenschappen, Jaarboek, jaargang 1956-57 (1957), pp. 225-230.
References to articles by
Keesom
- -
W.H. Keesom, Bijdragen tot de kennis van het ψ-vlak van
Van der Waals. V. De afhankelijkheid der plooipuntsconstanten
van het gehalte bij binaire mengsels met een gering gehalte
aan een der bestanddeelen (pdf
887 Kb) Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Verslagen Natuurkunde,
volume 10 (1901), pp. 331-345.
- English translation:
Contributions to the knowledge of the ψ-surface of Van der
Waals. V. The dependence of the plait-point constants on the
composition in binary mixtures with small proportions of one
of the components. (image-pdf
of the original article 572 Kb) Communication No. 75 from the
Physical Laboratory at Leiden. Communicated by Prof. H. Kamerlingh
Onnes, Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Proceedings of
the Section of Sciences, volume IV (1901), pp. 293-307.
- W.H.
Keesom, Contributions to the knowledge of the ψ-surface
of Van der Waals. XIII. On the conditions for sinking and again
rising of a gas phase in the liquid phase for binary mixtures
(continued) (image-pdf of the
original article 236 Kb) Communication No. 96c from the Physical
Laboratory at Leiden. Communicated by Prof. H. Kamerlingh Onnes,
Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Proceedings of the Section
of Sciences, volume IX, 2nd part (1907), pp. 660-664.
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